Genetic Testing and Prostate Cancer

A genetic test can provide important information about your prostate cancer. Results can impact treatment options and show if your family may be at risk.

DNA sample being pipetted in a petri dish - DNA testing

Genetic testing identifies gene mutations that can impact patients and their families. These tests are used by doctors to learn more about a patient’s specific prostate cancer and to help develop treatment plans. There are two different types of genetic mutations in prostate cancer:

  • germline
  • somatic

A genetic test checks to see if you might have a germline genetic mutation, also known as an inherited or hereditary mutation. Genetic testing may also be referred to as germline testing. Genetic testing is done with a simple blood or saliva test. 

Tests that check for somatic, or acquired, genetic mutations are called genomic tests. Genomic testing may also be referred to as biomarker testing or somatic testing. Learn more about genomic testing

Talk to your doctor or a genetic counselor to decide which of these tests is right for you.

A table summarizing the differences between germline and somatic testing for prostate cancer

Approximately 10% of prostate cancers are thought to be caused by an inherited gene mutation. Inherited genetic mutations can be found in the BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOBX13 genes, among others. If prostate cancer was caused by an inherited gene mutation it is defined as hereditary cancer.

Why is it important to know if you might have an inherited gene mutation?

Genetic testing for an inherited mutation should be considered if you have a history of cancer in your family.

  • People with a hereditary cancer mutation in their family are more likely to have relatives with the same type or other related types of cancer.
  • Hereditary prostate cancer is generally more aggressive than non-hereditary cancer types, which means that early detection can be lifesaving.
  • Having hereditary cancer can also mean a higher risk for developing more than one cancer and those cancers often occur at an earlier age.

However, it is important to know that while prostate cancer can run in some families, most prostate cancers occur in men without a family history of it.

Genetic testing results can also have a possible impact on your treatment options. If you have metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), some genetic tests can determine if you qualify for new FDA-approved targeted therapies. By identifying if you have a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, a genetic test quickly and accurately establishes whether or not you’re an appropriate candidate for PARP inhibitors, a type of targeted therapy. These therapies may maintain your quality of life and give you more time.

Germline testing also provides family members with valuable information regarding their cancer risks. Family members of men with hereditary cancer have a 50% chance of having the same genetic mutation. Germline testing can help family members know if they should also be tested or take measures to reduce their risk of developing cancer.

All men with prostate cancer should consider genetic testing. Download a germline patient education guide here and learn more about germline testing here.

In addition to your doctor, a genetic counselor can discuss your family risk, the pros and cons of genetic testing, help explain the results, and help determine next steps. The National Society of Genetic Counselors offers a directory to help you find a genetic counselor in your area, or available via telehealth.

Family history and genetic testing resources

Clinical vs. recreational genetic testing

When it comes to genetic testing, there are a lot of choices and deciding if testing is right for you can be confusing. Certain types of genetic testing can be great tools for understanding how your DNA can impact healthcare decisions. Others can tell you interesting traits about your genetic makeup like your eye color, hair texture, and more.

To reduce any confusion, here is a helpful comparison to show the difference between clinical and recreational genetic tests.

Clinical vs. Recreational Genetic Testing

Resources

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